┊ dashed lines mark 1979 Oil shock & inflation peak · 1987 Black Monday crash · 1991 Gulf War recession · 2001 Dot-com bust & 9/11 · 2008 Global financial crisis · 2020 COVID-19 pandemic
Method & caveats. NAEP Long-Term Trend mathematics, age 13, from the 1978-anchored instrument (1973 is extrapolated and not API-served; same 2004 format seam). 2023 (270.7) is the lowest since the 1990s after the 285 peak of 2012. The 0–500-scale NAEP Long-Term Trend and 0–300-scale main assessments are NCES's national probability samples; values are national public+private averages for all students.
Sources
Every value on this page is read from the publisher below. Current and historical source documents: