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ENVIRONMENT & CLIMATE

23 indicators · 1850–2025 · every value from its primary publisher

┊ dashed lines mark 2020 COVID-19 pandemic

50 Years Since 2000 10 Years 5 Years 1 Year

Atmosphere and emissions · 7 series

Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2ppm · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory

427.4 ppm2025

+6% since 2016
404.4 ppm then

Global atmospheric CO2 growthppm/year · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory

2.06 ppm2025

−0.77 pts since 2016
2.83 ppm then

Global atmospheric methaneppb · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory

1936 ppb2025

+5% since 2016
1843 ppb then

Annual Greenhouse Gas Index1990 = 1 · 2016–2024 · NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory

1.5382024

+10% since 2016
1.394 then

CO2 Emissionsmillion metric tons per year · EIA Monthly Energy Review, Table 11.1

4,9042025

−5% since 2016
5,169 then

Energy CO2 per capitametric tons/person · U.S. Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review

14.3 t2025

−11% since 2016
16.0 t then

Electricity CO2 intensitymetric tons/MWh · computed from U.S. Energy Information Administration annual series

0.347 t2025

−25% since 2016
0.464 t then

Climate · 5 series

Global land/ocean temperature anomaly°C vs 1901–2000 · NOAA NCEI Climate at a Glance

+1.12°2025

+0.12°C since 2016
+1.00° then

US Average Temperaturedegrees Fahrenheit, annual mean · NOAA NCEI, Climate at a Glance

54.63°2025

−0.3°F since 2016
54.90° then

Contiguous US precipitationinches · NOAA NCEI Climate at a Glance

29.3 in2025

−7% since 2016
31.4 in then

Global mean sea levelmm above the satellite-era reference mean (NOAA STAR sea level anomaly) · 2016–2024 · computed from NOAA STAR satellite altimetry

+81.9 mm2024

+28.8 mm since 2016
+53.1 mm then

Arctic September sea ice extentmillion km² · NSIDC Sea Ice Index

4.75M km²2025

+5% since 2016
4.53M km² then

Hazards · 6 series

Wildfire acres burnedacres · National Interagency Fire Center

5.1M ac2025

−7% since 2016
5.5M ac then

Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanessystems reaching tropical-storm strength (≥34 kt) · computed from NOAA NHC Atlantic HURDAT2

132025

−13% since 2016
15 then

US tornadoestornadoes · 2016–2024 · computed from NOAA Storm Prediction Center tornado records

1,7652024

+82% since 2016
969 then

Major disaster declarationsdeclarations · computed from OpenFEMA Disaster Declarations Summaries

612025

+49% since 2016
41 then

Billion-dollar disastersevents · 2016–2024 · retired by NOAA, ends 2024 · computed from NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster individual event records

272024

+80% since 2016
15 then

Billion-dollar disaster costbillion CPI-adjusted dollars · 2016–2024 · retired by NOAA, ends 2024 · computed from NOAA NCEI billion-dollar disaster individual event records

$183B2024

+199% since 2016
$61B then

Pollution · 5 series

SO2 emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends

1.6M t2025

−39% since 2016
2.6M t then

NOx emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends

7.9M t2025

−21% since 2016
9.9M t then

PM2.5 emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends

4.2M t2025

+5% since 2016
4.0M t then

VOC emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · U.S. EPA National Emissions Inventory trends

12.3M t2025

+4% since 2016
11.8M t then

Unhealthy-or-worse AQI days across ten metrosmetro-days · computed from U.S. EPA AQS annual AQI by CBSA

622025

+51% since 2016
41 then

Data

Complete year-by-year values, raw numbers in the unit in each column header. Machine-readable: stats.json · stats.csv.

Year	Mauna Loa atmospheric CO2ppm · 1959–2025	Global atmospheric CO2 growthppm/year · 1959–2025	Global atmospheric methaneppb · 1984–2025	Annual Greenhouse Gas Index1990 = 1 · 1979–2024	CO2 Emissionsmillion metric tons per year · 1949–2025	Energy CO2 per capitametric tons/person · 1949–2025	Electricity CO2 intensitymetric tons/MWh · 1973–2025	Global land/ocean temperature anomaly°C vs 1901–2000 · 1850–2025	US Average Temperaturedegrees Fahrenheit, annual mean · 1895–2025	Contiguous US precipitationinches · 1895–2025	Global mean sea levelmm above the satellite-era reference mean (NOAA STAR sea level anomaly) · 1993–2024	Arctic September sea ice extentmillion km² · 1979–2025	Wildfire acres burnedacres · 1983–2025	Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanessystems reaching tropical-storm strength (≥34 kt) · 1851–2025	US tornadoestornadoes · 1950–2024	Major disaster declarationsdeclarations · 1953–2025	Billion-dollar disastersevents · 1980–2024	Billion-dollar disaster costbillion CPI-adjusted dollars · 1980–2024	SO2 emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 1970–2025	NOx emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 1970–2025	PM2.5 emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 2002–2025	VOC emissions excluding wildfiresthousand short tons · 1970–2025	Unhealthy-or-worse AQI days across ten metrosmetro-days · 1980–2025
1850								-0.15
1851								-0.06						6
1852								-0.02						5
1853								-0.07						8
1854								-0.05						5
1855								-0.08						5
1856								-0.13						6
1857								-0.19						4
1858								-0.14						6
1859								-0.07						8
1860								-0.2						7
1861								-0.25						8
1862								-0.32						6
1863								-0.25						9
1864								-0.23						5
1865								-0.04						7
1866								-0.12						7
1867								-0.21						9
1868								-0.13						4
1869								-0.08						10
1870								-0.18						11
1871								-0.17						8
1872								-0.16						5
1873								-0.17						5
1874								-0.23						7
1875								-0.21						6
1876								-0.23						5
1877								0.08						8
1878								0.1						12
1879								-0.17						8
1880								-0.19						11
1881								-0.1						7
1882								-0.18						6
1883								-0.18						4
1884								-0.28						4
1885								-0.23						8
1886								-0.27						12
1887								-0.35						19
1888								-0.13						9
1889								-0.06						9
1890								-0.32						4
1891								-0.24						10
1892								-0.32						9
1893								-0.33						12
1894								-0.33						7
1895								-0.23	50.33	27.53				6
1896								-0.13	51.98	29.77				7
1897								-0.12	51.54	29.68				6
1898								-0.26	51.42	29.56				11
1899								-0.16	50.99	28.69				10
1900								-0.08	52.76	30.63				7
1901								-0.12	51.86	27.63				13
1902								-0.22	51.57	30.63				5
1903								-0.33	50.61	29.36				10
1904								-0.39	51.15	27.94				6
1905								-0.27	50.99	32.59				5
1906								-0.18	51.72	32.82				11
1907								-0.35	51.47	30.92				5
1908								-0.39	52.07	29.78				10
1909								-0.38	51.42	31.16				12
1910								-0.35	52.41	24.9				5
1911								-0.37	52.02	29.52				6
1912								-0.3	50.22	30.47				7
1913								-0.28	51.53	29.83				6
1914								-0.12	51.83	28.8				1
1915								-0.07	51.43	32.75				6
1916								-0.29	50.84	29.39				15
1917								-0.42	50.05	25.34				4
1918								-0.33	51.85	28.75				6
1919								-0.2	51.54	31.73				5
1920								-0.18	51.07	31.28				5
1921								-0.15	53.79	28.76				7
1922								-0.23	52.02	29.86				5
1923								-0.22	51.63	31.67				9
1924								-0.21	50.57	26.52				11
1925								-0.19	52.51	26.96				4
1926								-0.07	51.94	30.91				11
1927								-0.17	52.14	32.03				8
1928								-0.15	51.91	29.47				6
1929								-0.3	50.85	30.14				5
1930								-0.1	51.97	25.56				3
1931								-0.05	53.52	27.52				13
1932								-0.11	51.72	30.43				15
1933								-0.24	52.98	27.49				20
1934								-0.1	54.09	25.77				13
1935								-0.13	51.88	29.47				8
1936								-0.09	52.14	27.27				17
1937								0	51.54	30.5				11
1938								0.01	53.17	29.72				9
1939								0.02	53.25	26.27				6
1940								0.16	51.88	30.41				9
1941								0.21	52.64	32.78				6
1942								0.08	51.83	31.31				11
1943								0.09	52.06	26.8				10
1944								0.21	51.82	30.62				14
1945								0.13	51.74	33.02				11
1946								0	52.94	31.06				7
1947								0	51.91	29.35				10
1948								-0.04	51.6	30.67				10
1949					2207	14.8		-0.04	52.01	30.29				16
1950					2382	15.6		-0.13	51.38	30.87				16	200
1951					2527	16.3		-0.02	51.11	31.23				12	260
1952					2473	15.7		0.04	52.27	26.34				11	237
1953					2537	15.8		0.1	53.35	28.28				14	415	10
1954					2422	14.9		-0.08	53.32	26.15				16	542	14
1955					2685	16.2		-0.13	51.68	27.73				13	585	20
1956					2777	16.4		-0.17	52.33	25.37				12	500	18
1957					2757	16		0.06	52.03	33.83				8	854	18
1958					2703	15.5		0.09	51.92	30.22				12	559	5
1959	315.98	0.96			2807	15.8		0.08	52.1	30.58				14	599	8
1960	316.91	0.71			2914	16.1		-0.01	51.43	28.74				8	615	13
1961	317.64	0.78			2943	16		0.08	51.86	31.25				12	688	11
1962	318.45	0.56			3065	16.4		0.04	51.89	28.58				7	652	16
1963	318.99	0.57			3185	16.8		0.06	52.25	25.65				10	457	25
1964	319.62	0.49			3317	17.3		-0.18	51.67	30.23				13	699	18
1965	320.04	1.1			3462	17.8		-0.08	51.67	29.79				10	887	33
1966	321.37	1.1			3654	18.6		-0.04	51.48	27.43				15	582	12
1967	322.18	0.61			3749	18.9		-0.01	51.75	29.58				13	921	9
1968	323.05	0.99			3965	19.8		-0.05	51.31	30.38				9	653	18
1969	324.62	1.32			4135	20.4		0.09	51.49	30.6				18	605	28
1970	325.68	1.13			4261	20.8		0.04	51.6	29.68				14	646	16			31218	26883		33742
1971	326.32	0.73			4312	20.8		-0.08	51.65	30.32				13	883	19
1972	327.46	1.47			4532	21.6		0.05	51.36	31.69				7	738	43
1973	329.68	1.46			4721	22.3	0.691236	0.17	52.28	34.94				8	1098	46
1974	330.19	0.68			4561	21.3	0.670038	-0.05	52.26	30.61				11	935	46
1975	331.13	1.23			4428	20.5	0.649177	-0.01	51.49	33.01				9	917	37			28044	26377		30178
1976	332.03	0.97			4695	21.5	0.663715	-0.06	51.46	26.3				10	828	33
1977	333.84	1.92			4835	22	0.679146	0.2	52.54	30.42				6	848	18
1978	335.41	1.29			4884	21.9	0.656255	0.11	51.04	30.09				12	783	26
1979	336.84	2.14		0.78	4950	22	0.671467	0.19	50.88	32.74		7.05		9	850	41
1980	338.76	1.67		0.803	4757	20.9	0.67836	0.29	52.38	28.25		7.67		11	862	25	3	45.6738	25926	27079		30083	656
1981	340.12	1.15		0.822	4637	20.2	0.679765	0.33	53.11	29.94		7.14		12	780	15	2	3.4855					521
1982	341.48	1		0.837	4405	19	0.664847	0.15	51.33	33.84		7.3		6	1038	23	5	15.1807					495
1983	343.15	1.84		0.856	4384	18.8	0.662391	0.32	51.87	34.72		7.39	1323666	4	926	20	4	26.7555					634
1984	344.87	1.23	1644.84	0.875	4613	19.6	0.662049	0.17	51.97	31.4		6.81	1148409	13	899	35	2	3.2138					515
1985	346.35	1.65	1657.3	0.894	4606	19.4	0.660499	0.14	51.29	29.95		6.7	2896147	11	674	19	7	22.5286	23307	25757		26938	541
1986	347.61	1.01	1670.09	0.914	4616	19.2	0.653136	0.22	53.31	31.37		7.41	2719162	6	758	30	3	7.8696					496
1987	349.31	2.66	1682.71	0.934	4776	19.7	0.657961	0.33	53.32	29		7.28	2447296	7	653	24							531
1988	351.69	2.17	1693.19	0.962	4999	20.4	0.653755	0.38	52.62	25.9		7.37	5009290	12	702	17	1	54.6104					638
1989	353.2	1.47	1704.55	0.983	5085	20.6	0.644591	0.26	51.82	29.04		7.01	1827310	11	849	29	6	40.3306					414
1990	354.45	1.22	1714.43	1	5038	20.2	0.629289	0.42	53.5	32.16		6.14	4621621	14	1125	35	4	14.5894	23065.14925	25165.31458		23125	422
1991	355.7	0.75	1724.79	1.016	4993	19.7	0.621544	0.4	53.15	32.44		6.47	2953578	8	1126	39	4	19.611	22363	24933.0642		22899	435
1992	356.54	0.71	1735.47	1.028	5094	19.9	0.626699	0.23	52.59	31.25		7.47	2069929	7	1291	46	7	80.0298	22072.74093	25027.25511		22659	308
1993	357.21	1.24	1736.48	1.035	5186	20	0.629049	0.26	51.25	32.6	-19.405	6.4	1797574	9	1168	39	5	65.7189	21764.27298	25122.25511		22252	388
1994	358.96	1.66	1742.08	1.049	5263	20	0.628017	0.32	52.85	30.62	-14.754118	7.14	4073579	7	1076	36	6	16.5808	21331.50887	24968.31619		21932	355
1995	360.97	2	1748.88	1.064	5325	20	0.612759	0.46	52.65	32.67	-9.165484	6.08	1840546	19	1229	29	7	35.5195	18609.34739	24696.80659		21578	414
1996	362.74	1.05	1751.3	1.078	5518	20.5	0.618154	0.34	51.88	33.67	-5.768824	7.58	6065998	13	1169	72	5	23.2036	18370.474499999997	24382.374980000004		19001.341	262
1997	363.88	1.98	1754.51	1.089	5590	20.5	0.630086	0.48	52.19	31.82	-1.820303	6.69	2856959	8	1145	49	4	17.1573	18833.679719999996	24525.83961		18785.892229999998	286
1998	366.84	2.84	1765.57	1.111	5637	20.4	0.632397	0.61	54.22	33.85	-2.661212	6.54	1329704	14	1417	61	10	38.1969	18938.707270000003	24175.801089999997		18136.03127	358
1999	368.54	1.33	1772.3	1.128	5700	20.4	0.623103	0.4	53.87	28.46	-3.517879	6.12	5626093	12	1327	53	5	24.5	17478.266265000002	22608.595719		17602.902576	351
2000	369.71	1.25	1773.22	1.138	5889	20.9	0.633962	0.4	53.25	28.22	0.689118	6.25	7393493	15	1073	40	5	15.5417	16277.676304999997	22335.232398		16897.508431	263
2001	371.32	1.85	1771.29	1.15	5778	20.3	0.633599	0.53	53.68	29.02	6.024722	6.73	3570911	15	1207	50	3	21.787	15887.624507999999	21377.546743000006		16698.934651000003	284
2002	373.45	2.36	1772.68	1.166	5820	20.2	0.617773	0.59	53.2	29.05	7.545678	5.83	7184712	12	923	42	6	27.2051	14798.553346654102	25147.209345708998	4443.0189953358995	15890.204635022	350
2003	375.98	2.28	1777.33	1.184	5887	20.3	0.622198	0.6	53.24	30.49	10.668607	6.12	3960842	16	1355	62	7	38.4298	15308.4030854931	24497.054991129	4610.909089337901	15893.645145579	229
2004	377.7	1.56	1777.13	1.197	5994	20.5	0.615998	0.53	53.08	33.23	12.518607	5.98	8097880	15	1805	65	6	92.3097	14592.708112161601	22720.547870595	4809.9257831074	16036.598352367002	190
2005	379.98	2.47	1774.23	1.212	6008	20.3	0.617991	0.66	53.63	30.08	15.809828	5.5	8689389	29	1262	45	6	268.6182	14521.5553897501	21745.43377496	4962.1714345574	15842.090157157	258
2006	382.09	1.77	1774.93	1.228	5930	19.9	0.60289	0.63	54.24	29.82	18.205556	5.86	9873745	10	1084	53	8	25.2275	12395.282911985902	20182.032020138497	4735.099518954201	15141.544589132003	210
2007	384.02	2.13	1781.31	1.241	6015	20	0.604695	0.62	53.64	29.16	18.125946	4.27	9328045	16	1126	68	5	18.8685	11537.633956558198	18875.4115328635	4622.2226546731	14836.945724425	178
2008	385.83	1.78	1787.01	1.258	5823	19.1	0.596583	0.52	52.28	31.24	22.108605	4.69	5292468	16	1683	68	12	94.1352	10144.5786608221	17845.823597738698	4618.9514019641	14379.776766575	130
2009	387.64	1.58	1793.51	1.27	5404	17.6	0.566056	0.65	52.38	32.29	25.716197	5.26	5921786	9	1151	63	9	19.8128	7975.663993315799	15501.859176086	4368.3279422152	13377.297888343	83
2010	390.1	2.36	1798.93	1.287	5594	18.1	0.571461	0.71	52.98	31.36	27.125811	4.87	3422724	19	1286	79	7	20.182	6924.587498611099	15303.043623022	4456.0360442635	13217.651218809999	84
2011	391.85	1.73	1803.03	1.301	5455	17.5	0.549539	0.6	53.17	30.09	25.450548	4.56	8711367	19	1672	98	18	97.9359	6383.4398781367	14539.729434294599	4474.8813143677	13368.813650842	120
2012	394.06	2.42	1808.07	1.316	5236	16.7	0.523003	0.63	55.27	27.52	35.807101	3.57	9326238	19	940	46	11	158.8083	5072.598665630199	13654.2720528518	4223.2486389037	13200.923568703001	107
2013	396.74	2.45	1813.42	1.336	5359	17	0.524965	0.66	52.42	31.04	38.157115	5.21	4319546	14	900	65	10	32.3175	4829.770266804999	12829.656846673	4144.8951012298	12664.00005103	40
2014	398.81	2.03	1822.58	1.352	5414	17	0.520293	0.73	52.53	30.81	41.048333	5.22	3595613	8	918	48	10	25.5376	4574.607738130299	12107.2748157731	4113.270627408199	12619.768474218	39
2015	401.01	2.95	1834.19	1.37	5262	16.4	0.487666	0.88	54.38	34.58	49.716757	4.62	10125149	11	1167	44	11	30.9094	3436.8886735096003	10970.4710858363	3877.3825430292004	12125.464298060999	70
2016	404.41	2.83	1843.18	1.394	5169	16	0.464406	1	54.9	31.41	53.090648	4.53	5509995	15	969	41	15	61.2099	2623.547346807499	9907.273662637801	4031.5088312085004	11809.662661491999	41
2017	406.76	2.14	1849.62	1.41	5131	15.8	0.449284	0.93	54.54	32.29	53.835686	4.82	10026086	17	1420	60	19	395.9362	2406.6694924055	9319.667097888701	4338.6517500389	12481.457783529002	55
2018	408.72	2.39	1857.33	1.428	5278	16.2	0.438843	0.86	53.51	34.62	56.597838	4.79	8767492	15	1129	55	16	116.0339	2306.7963216522	8931.023482046001	4343.2123566116	12656.599144686003	51
2019	411.65	2.5	1866.59	1.446	5147	15.7	0.407616	0.99	52.66	34.82	62.986757	4.36	4664364	18	1509	68	14	55.5155	1939.3595390374996	8526.6926349425	4130.859793974801	12007.424490657	38
2020	414.21	2.33	1878.72	1.463	4585	13.8	0.376267	1.01	54.36	30.38	65.668378	4	10122336	30	1076	100	22	120.5847	1703.6937351373997	7569.326424641099	4145.889569368799	12004.934124715004	75
2021	416.41	2.38	1894.79	1.481	4906	14.8	0.392337	0.86	54.5	30.41	70.046122	4.95	7125643	21	1306	59	20	164.2988	1880.2849530649999	7632.3820101857	4578.1184266616	12124.85837835	49
2022	418.53	2.24	1910.95	1.499	4945	14.8	0.377654	0.89	53.38	28.45	72.681642	4.9	7577183	14	1154	52	19	188.4634	1893.3476777216003	7501.6012902269	4554.718740728001	12162.534155331	44
2023	421.08	2.7	1921.4	1.516	4799	14.2	0.352919	1.17	54.36	29.53	78.488378	4.38	2693910	20	1303	68	27	90.4686	1519.7481828384	7761.0359791296005	3941.8825740622997	12134.523275257	89
2024	424.61	3.76	1929.41	1.538	4789	14.1	0.343413	1.25	55.48	31.64	81.887162	4.35	8924884	18	1765	88	27	182.7136	1492.7656714634002	7803.2375498146	4233.6001625523	12272.292770257001	96
2025	427.35	2.06	1935.94		4904	14.3	0.34744	1.12	54.63	29.25		4.75	5131474	13		61			1601.1888671434	7854.8087178166015	4233.6001625723	12272.292770257	62

Sources