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YOUNG WORKERS IN AI-EXPOSED JOBS (STANFORD INDEX)

employment index, ages 22–25 in the most AI-exposed occupation quintile, November 2022 = 100 · 2022–2026 · higher is better · Stanford Digital Economy Lab, AI Economic Indicators (Brynjolfsson, Chandar & Chen, "Canaries in the Coal Mine")
88.5
Jul 2026 (latest)
100.0
Nov 2022
100.0
high · Nov 2022
87.0
low · Aug 2021
−12%
since Nov 2022
50 YearsSince 200010 Years5 Years1 Year
90.493.596.599.620222023202420252026
┊ on the monthly chart the dashed line marks ChatGPT released (Nov 30, 2022)
Method & caveats. Employment of workers aged 22–25 in the fifth of occupations most exposed to AI (Eloundou et al. exposure plus Anthropic usage), indexed to November 2022 = 100, from a balanced panel of firms using ADP payroll (3.5–5 million employees per month), published and updated monthly by the authors. The authors: "early, descriptive indicators—canaries in the coal mine—rather than causal estimates"; the patterns "attenuate when controlling for education, show some divergent trends predating generative AI, and are more pronounced in the ADP analysis sample than in national survey benchmarks, with some evidence of consistent patterns in government administrative data." A research index from a balanced firm panel, not an official statistic; it begins August 2021, so there is no 2019 baseline, and because it is normalized to November 2022 the change since the marker is the index minus 100 by construction. The companion row for ages 35–40 is the comparison the authors draw.
Sources

Every value on this page is read from the publisher below. Current and historical source documents:

Monthly data

The publisher's own cadence, every period. The annual table below is derived from these values (annual average); the annual figures are what the almanac pages and the machine-readable exports carry.

PeriodYoung Workers in AI-Exposed Jobs (Stanford index)Change
Jul 202688.5+0%
Jun 202688.1+1%
May 202687.6−0%
Apr 202687.9−1%
Mar 202688.9−1%
Feb 202689.8−1%
Jan 202690.6+0%
Dec 202590.6−1%
Nov 202591.5−0%
Oct 202591.8+1%
Sep 202590.9−0%
Aug 202591.3+0%
Jul 202591.3−0%
Jun 202591.5+0%
May 202591.4+0%
Apr 202591.2−1%
Mar 202592.3−1%
Feb 202593.2−1%
Jan 202593.9−1%
Dec 202494.4−1%
Nov 202495.6+0%
Oct 202495.5+0%
Sep 202495.4−0%
Aug 202495.7+1%
Jul 202495.2−1%
Jun 202496.1+0%
May 202495.8+0%
Apr 202495.5−1%
Mar 202496.4−1%
Feb 202497.2−0%
Jan 202497.4−0%
Dec 202397.6−2%
Nov 202399.1−0%
Oct 202399.2−0%
Sep 202399.5+1%
Aug 202398.6−0%
Jul 202399.0−1%
Jun 202399.6+2%
May 202397.6−1%
Apr 202398.3−1%
Mar 202398.9−0%
Feb 202399.3+0%
Jan 202399.1−1%
Dec 202299.8−0%
Nov 2022100.0+0%
Oct 202299.7+1%
Sep 202299.2+1%
Aug 202297.8−0%
Jul 202297.9+2%
Jun 202295.7+3%
May 202293.3−0%
Apr 202293.4+1%
Mar 202292.4−0%
Feb 202292.8+0%
Jan 202292.5+1%
Dec 202191.8+1%
Nov 202190.9+1%
Oct 202190.0+2%
Sep 202188.2+1%
Aug 202187.0
Annual data
YearYoung Workers in AI-Exposed Jobs (Stanford index)Change
202688.8−3%
202591.7−4%
202495.9−3%
202398.8+3%
202296.2
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